Unique animals of the Galapagos Islands: Galapagos fur seal

Galapagos fur seal (lat. Arctocephalus galapagoensis) is a species of eared seals from the subfamily of fur seals. Belongs to the genus of southern fur seals. You can spot them in the Galapagos national park.

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Description

Galápagos fur seals are the smallest otariids. They are born with a black natal coat that they molt to reveal a lighter brown coat before becoming adults. Galápagos fur seals display sexual dimorphism. The males are up to 2x heavier than the females and 1–1.3 times longer. Males grow to be 1.5 m (5 feet) on average and weigh about 64 kg (140 lb). Females grow to be 1.25 m on average and weigh 27 kg (60 lb).

Spread & Lifestyle

The Galapagos Fur Seal is endemic to the Galapagos Islands. It does not migrate, spends all its life near the islands. It is classified as a non-migrant species. However, recent research has documented the presence of Galápagos fur seals in Mexico and Guatemala.

More than 70% of the time they spend on land. They feed mainly on numerous fish and cephalopods. Food is obtained at night, at the surface of the ocean, rarely they appear at a depth of more than 150 m.

 

Reproduction

Galápagos fur seals live in large colonies on the rocky beaches of the Galápagos Islands. These colonies are then divided into territories by the male seals during breeding season, which is mid-August to mid-November, with a peak in late September and early October. Each successful reproductive female will choose a territory on the beach to pup on.

 

Maternal care

Galápagos fur seals have the lowest reproductive rate reported in seals, and it takes an unusually long time to raise seal pups to independence. Females bear only one pup at a time, and she remains with her newborn for a week before leaving to feed. She then periodically returns to the pup and stays to suckle it for a few days before leaving on another hunting trip. Females recognize their own pups by smell and sound, and pups also learn to identify their mothers by the females’ “pup attraction calls”. Mother-pup recognition is crucial because females exclusively nurse their own pups, often violently rejecting strange pups that approach. Orphaned seal pups usually try to sneak up on sleeping or calling females to suckle, but stealing milk is not enough to sustain the pups, and they usually die within a month.

 

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